私法英语表达
第一章 单元测试
1：问题:The contemporary legal systems of the world are generally based on one of four basic systems (1), (2), statutory law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations.（1）（2）处分别为
选项：
A:Common law
B:Civil law
C:Statute
D:Legislature
E:decision
答案: 【Common law,Civil law】
2：问题:(3) are systems of law whose sources are the (4) in cases by judges. （3）处为
选项：
A:Common law
B:Civil law
C:Statute
D:Legislature
E:decision
答案: 【Common law】
3：问题:(3) are systems of law whose sources are the (4) in cases by judges. （4）处为
选项：
A:Common law
B:Civil law
C:Statute
D:Legislature
E:decision
答案: 【decision】
4：问题:Alongside, every system will have a (5) that passes new laws and (6). （5）处为
选项：
A:Common law
B:Civil law
C:Statute
D:Legislature
E:decision
答案: 【Legislature】
5：问题:Alongside, every system will have a (5) that passes new laws and (6). （6）处为
选项：
A:Common law
B:Civil law
C:Statute
D:Legislature
E:decision
答案: 【Statute】
6：问题:statute对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A: law that prescribes the procedures and methods for enforcing rights and duties and for obtaining redress.
B:To institute and carry forward legal action against for redress or esp. punishment of a crime
C:A judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case
D:A law enacted by the legislative branch of a government
答案: 【A law enacted by the legislative branch of a government】
7：问题:provision对应下列选项为
选项：
A:A judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case
B:Law that creates or defines rights, duties, obligations, and causes of action that can be enforced by law
C:A body of persons having the power to legislate
D: A stipulation made as a clause in a statute or contract made beforehand.
答案: 【A stipulation made as a clause in a statute or contract made beforehand.】
8：问题:code对应下列选项为
选项：
A: A body of persons having the power to legislate
B:A stipulation made as a clause in a statute or contract made beforehand.
C:A systematic compilation or revision of law or legal principles that is arranged esp. by subject
D: A law enacted by the legislative branch of a government
答案: 【A systematic compilation or revision of law or legal principles that is arranged esp. by subject】
9：问题:legislature对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A:Law that creates or defines rights, duties, obligations, and causes of action that can be enforced by law
B:A body of persons having the power to legislate
C:A stipulation made as a clause in a statute or contract made beforehand.
D:A systematic compilation or revision of law or legal principles that is arranged esp. by subject
答案: 【A body of persons having the power to legislate】
10：问题:precedent对应下列选项为？
选项：
A:law that prescribes the procedures and methods for enforcing rights and duties and for obtaining redress.
B:To institute and carry forward legal action against for redress or esp. punishment of a crime
C:A judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case
D:Law that creates or defines rights, duties, obligations, and causes of action that can be enforced by law
答案: 【A judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case】
11：问题:substantive law对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A:law that prescribes the procedures and methods for enforcing rights and duties and for obtaining redress.
B:To institute and carry forward legal action against for redress or esp. punishment of a crime
C:A judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case
D:Law that creates or defines rights, duties, obligations, and causes of action that can be enforced by law
答案: 【Law that creates or defines rights, duties, obligations, and causes of action that can be enforced by law】
12：问题:prosecute对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A:law that prescribes the procedures and methods for enforcing rights and duties and for obtaining redress.
B:To institute and carry forward legal action against for redress or esp. punishment of a crime
C:A judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case
D:Law that creates or defines rights, duties, obligations, and causes of action that can be enforced by law
答案: 【To institute and carry forward legal action against for redress or esp. punishment of a crime】
13：问题:procedural law对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A:law that prescribes the procedures and methods for enforcing rights and duties and for obtaining redress.
B:To institute and carry forward legal action against for redress or esp. punishment of a crime
C:A judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case
D:Law that creates or defines rights, duties, obligations, and causes of action that can be enforced by law
答案: 【law that prescribes the procedures and methods for enforcing rights and duties and for obtaining redress.】
第二章 单元测试
1：问题:Advocacy对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A:to prepare and sign a bill of exchange or check.
B:the final decision by a court in a lawsuit, criminal prosecution or appeal from a lower court’s judgment, except for an “interlocutory judgment,” which is tentative until a final judgment is made. The word “decree” is sometimes used as synonymous with judgment.
C:Statement in a pleading
D:The profession or work of an advocate; the action of advocating, pleading for, or supporting a cause or proposal
答案: 【The profession or work of an advocate; the action of advocating, pleading for, or supporting a cause or proposal】
2：问题:Allegation对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A:to prepare and sign a bill of exchange or check.
B:the final decision by a court in a lawsuit, criminal prosecution or appeal from a lower court’s judgment, except for an “interlocutory judgment,” which is tentative until a final judgment is made. The word “decree” is sometimes used as synonymous with judgment.
C:Statement in a pleading
D:The profession or work of an advocate; the action of advocating, pleading for, or supporting a cause or proposal
答案: 【Statement in a pleading】
3：问题:Attorney对应下列哪个选项?
选项：
A:A person authorized to act on another’s behalf; esp lawyer
B:a body of laws and legal concepts which come down from old Roman laws established by Emperor Justinian
C:the party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint with the clerk of the court against the defendant(s) demanding damages, performance and/or court determination of rights.
D:the party sued in a civil lawsuit or the party charged with a crime in a criminal prosecution. In some types of cases (such as divorce) a defendant may be called a respondent.
答案: 【A person authorized to act on another’s behalf; esp lawyer】
4：问题:Civil law对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A: A person authorized to act on another’s behalf; esp lawyer
B:a body of laws and legal concepts which come down from old Roman laws established by Emperor Justinian
C:the party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint with the clerk of the court against the defendant(s) demanding damages, performance and/or court determination of rights.
D:the party sued in a civil lawsuit or the party charged with a crime in a criminal prosecution. In some types of cases (such as divorce) a defendant may be called a respondent.
答案: 【a body of laws and legal concepts which come down from old Roman laws established by Emperor Justinian】
5：问题:Defendant对应下列哪个选项?
选项：
A: A person authorized to act on another’s behalf; esp lawyer
B:a body of laws and legal concepts which come down from old Roman laws established by Emperor Justinian
C: the party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint with the clerk of the court against the defendant(s) demanding damages, performance and/or court determination of rights.
D:the party sued in a civil lawsuit or the party charged with a crime in a criminal prosecution. In some types of cases (such as divorce) a defendant may be called a respondent.
答案: 【the party sued in a civil lawsuit or the party charged with a crime in a criminal prosecution. In some types of cases (such as divorce) a defendant may be called a respondent.】
6：问题:Plaintiff对应下俩哪个选项？
选项：
A:A person authorized to act on another’s behalf; esp lawyer
B:a body of laws and legal concepts which come down from old Roman laws established by Emperor Justinian
C: the party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint with the clerk of the court against the defendant(s) demanding damages, performance and/or court determination of rights.
D:the party sued in a civil lawsuit or the party charged with a crime in a criminal prosecution. In some types of cases (such as divorce) a defendant may be called a respondent.
答案: 【the party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint with the clerk of the court against the defendant(s) demanding damages, performance and/or court determination of rights.】
7：问题:Draft对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A: to prepare and sign a bill of exchange or check.
B:the final decision by a court in a lawsuit, criminal prosecution or appeal from a lower court’s judgment, except for an “interlocutory judgment,” which is tentative until a final judgment is made. The word “decree” is sometimes used as synonymous with judgment.
C:Statement in a pleading
D: The profession or work of an advocate; the action of advocating, pleading for, or supporting a cause or proposal
答案: 【to prepare and sign a bill of exchange or check.】
8：问题:judgment对应下列哪个选项？
选项：
A: to prepare and sign a bill of exchange or check.
B:the final decision by a court in a lawsuit, criminal prosecution or appeal from a lower court’s judgment, except for an “interlocutory judgment,” which is tentative until a final judgment is made. The word “decree” is sometimes used as synonymous with judgment.
C:Statement in a pleading
D:The profession or work of an advocate; the action of advocating, pleading for, or supporting a cause or proposal
答案: 【the final decision by a court in a lawsuit, criminal prosecution or appeal from a lower court’s judgment, except for an “interlocutory judgment,” which is tentative until a final judgment is made. The word “decree” is sometimes used as synonymous with judgment.】
9：问题:Lawyers in the United Kingdom (1) generally practice as solicitors in private firms, as legal advisers in corporations, government departments, and advice agencies, or as barristers. （1）处为
选项：
A:Jurisdictions
B:solicitors
C:barristers
D:tribunal
答案: 【Jurisdictions】
10：问题:They can each do (2), (3) and give written advice, but (4), unlike (5), cannot appear in every court. （2）处为
选项：
A:Advocacy
B:documents
C:judge
D:impartially
答案: 【Advocacy】
11：问题:They can each do (2), (3) and give written advice, but (4), unlike (5), cannot appear in every court. （3）处应为
选项：
A:Advocacy
B:draft legal documents
C:documents
D:judge
答案: 【draft legal documents】
12：问题:They can each do (2), (3) and give written advice, but (4), unlike (5), cannot appear in every court. （4）处为
选项：
A:Jurisdictions
B:solicitors
C:barristers
D:tribunal
答案: 【solicitors】
13：问题:They can each do (2), (3) and give written advice, but (4), unlike (5), cannot appear in every court. （5）处应为
选项：
A:Jurisdictions
B:solicitors
C:barristers
D:tribunal
答案: 【barristers】
14：问题:(6) mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation.（6）处应为
选项：
A:solicitors
B:barristers
C:tribunal
D:Advocacy
答案: 【barristers】
15：问题:Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and (7), drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions. （7）处应为
选项：
A:tribunal
B:Advocacy
C:documents
D:assess
答案: 【tribunal】
16：问题:A (8) is a legal practitioner who traditionally deals with most of the legal matters in some jurisdictions. A person must have legally-defined qualifications, which vary from one jurisdiction to another, to be described as a solicitor and enabled to practise there as such. （8）处应为
选项：
A:solicitors
B:inquisitorial
C:assess
D:system
答案: 【solicitors】
17：问题:A (9) presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. （9）处为
选项：
A:impartially
B:assess
C:judge
D:system
答案: 【judge】
18：问题:The judge is supposed to conduct the trial (10) and in an open court. （10）处应为
选项：
A:documents
B:hear
C:impartially
D:Advocacy
答案: 【impartially】
19：问题:The judge (11) all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers of the case（11）处应为
选项：
A:assess
B:system
C:inquisitorial
D:hear
答案: 【hear】
20：问题:(12) the credibility and arguments of the parties, and then issues a ruling on the matter at hand based on his or her interpretation of the law and his or her own personal judgment. In some jurisdictions（12）处应为
选项：
A:impartially
B:assess
C:inquisitorial
D:system
答案: 【assess】
21：问题:the judge’s powers may be shared with a (13)（13）应为
选项：
A:assess
B:jury
C:inquisitorial
D:system
答案: 【jury】
22：问题:In (14) of criminal investigation, a judge might also be an examining magistrate.（14）为
选项：
A:jury
B:inquisitorial system
C:system
D:tribunal
答案: 【inquisitorial system】
第三章 单元测试
1：问题:defamation对应下列
选项：
A:from French for “wrong,” a civil wrong or wrongful act, whether intentional or accidental, from which injury occurs to another.
B:failure to exercise the care toward others which a reasonable or prudent person would do in the circumstances, or taking action which such a reasonable person would not.
C:the means to achieve justice in any matter in which legal rights are involved.
D:the act of making untrue statements about another which damages his/her reputation.
答案: 【the act of making untrue statements about another which damages his/her reputation.】
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